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  <div class="section" id="s-using-django">
<span id="using-django"></span><h1>使用 Django<a class="headerlink" href="#using-django" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h1>
<p>你需要知道的所有 Django 关键部分介绍：</p>
<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="install.html">如何安装 Django</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="install.html#install-python">安装 Python</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="install.html#install-apache-and-mod-wsgi">安装 Apache 和 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mod_wsgi</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="install.html#get-your-database-running">运行你的数据库</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="install.html#install-the-django-code">安装 Django 源码</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="db/index.html">模型和数据库</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="db/models.html">模型</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="db/queries.html">执行查询</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="db/aggregation.html">聚合</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="db/search.html">搜索</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="db/managers.html">管理器</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="db/sql.html">执行原生 SQL 查询</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="db/transactions.html">数据库事务</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="db/multi-db.html">多数据库</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="db/tablespaces.html">表空间（Tablespaces）</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="db/optimization.html">数据库访问优化</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="db/instrumentation.html">数据库工具</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="db/examples/index.html">模型关联 API 用法示例</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="http/index.html">处理 HTTP 请求</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="http/urls.html">URL调度器</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="http/views.html">编写视图</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="http/decorators.html">视图装饰器</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="http/file-uploads.html">文件上传</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="http/shortcuts.html">Django 便捷函数</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="http/generic-views.html">通用视图</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="http/middleware.html">中间件</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="http/sessions.html">如何使用会话</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="forms/index.html">使用表单</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="forms/index.html#html-forms">HTML表单</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="forms/index.html#django-s-role-in-forms">Django在表单中的角色</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="forms/index.html#forms-in-django">Django 中的表单</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="forms/index.html#building-a-form">构建一张表单</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="forms/index.html#more-about-django-form-classes">详解Django <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Form</span></code> 类</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="forms/index.html#working-with-form-templates">使用表单模板</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="forms/index.html#further-topics">更多相关主题</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="templates.html">模板</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="templates.html#the-django-template-language">Django 模板语言</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="templates.html#support-for-template-engines">模板引擎的支持</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="class-based-views/index.html">基于类的视图</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="class-based-views/intro.html">基于类的视图</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="class-based-views/generic-display.html">内置的基于类的通用视图</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="class-based-views/generic-editing.html">使用基于类的视图处理表单</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="class-based-views/mixins.html">在基于类的视图中使用混入</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="class-based-views/index.html#basic-examples">基础示例</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="class-based-views/index.html#usage-in-your-urlconf">在 URLconf 中的用法</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="class-based-views/index.html#subclassing-generic-views">子类化通用视图</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="migrations.html">迁移</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="migrations.html#the-commands">命令</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="migrations.html#backend-support">后端支持</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="migrations.html#workflow">工作流程</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="migrations.html#transactions">事务</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="migrations.html#dependencies">依赖</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="migrations.html#migration-files">迁移文件</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="migrations.html#adding-migrations-to-apps">向应用添加迁移</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="migrations.html#reversing-migrations">撤销迁移</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="migrations.html#historical-models">历史模型</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="migrations.html#considerations-when-removing-model-fields">删除模型字段时的注意事项</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="migrations.html#data-migrations">数据迁移</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="migrations.html#squashing-migrations">压缩迁移</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="migrations.html#serializing-values">序列化值</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="migrations.html#supporting-multiple-django-versions">支持多个 Django 版本</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="files.html">管理文件</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="files.html#using-files-in-models">在模型中使用文件</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="files.html#the-file-object"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">File</span></code> 对象</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="files.html#file-storage">文件存储</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="testing/index.html">Django 中的测试</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="testing/overview.html">编写并运行测试</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="testing/tools.html">测试工具</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="testing/advanced.html">进阶测试主题</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="auth/index.html">Django中的用户认证</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="auth/index.html#overview">概况</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="auth/index.html#installation">安装</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="auth/index.html#usage">用法</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="cache.html">Django 缓存框架</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cache.html#setting-up-the-cache">设置缓存</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cache.html#the-per-site-cache">站点缓存</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cache.html#the-per-view-cache">视图缓存</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cache.html#template-fragment-caching">模板片段缓存</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cache.html#the-low-level-cache-api">底层缓存 API</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cache.html#downstream-caches">下游缓存</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cache.html#using-vary-headers">使用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Vary</span></code> 标头</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cache.html#controlling-cache-using-other-headers">使用其他标头控制高速缓存</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cache.html#order-of-middleware"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MIDDLEWARE</span></code> 顺序</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="conditional-view-processing.html">条件视图处理</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="conditional-view-processing.html#the-condition-decorator">条件装饰器</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="conditional-view-processing.html#shortcuts-for-only-computing-one-value">仅用于计算一个值的快捷方式</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="conditional-view-processing.html#using-the-decorators-with-other-http-methods">将装饰器和其他 HTTP 方法一起使用</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="conditional-view-processing.html#comparison-with-middleware-conditional-processing">对比中间件的条件处理</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="signing.html">加密签名</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="signing.html#protecting-the-secret-key">保护 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SECRET_KEY</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="signing.html#using-the-low-level-api">使用低级 API</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="email.html">发送邮件</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.html#quick-example">快速上手</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.html#send-mail"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">send_mail()</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.html#send-mass-mail"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">send_mass_mail()</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.html#mail-admins"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mail_admins()</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.html#mail-managers"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mail_managers()</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.html#examples">示例</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.html#preventing-header-injection">防止头注入</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.html#the-emailmessage-class"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EmailMessage</span></code> 类</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.html#email-backends">邮件后端</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.html#configuring-email-for-development">为了开发配置邮件</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="i18n/index.html">国际化和本地化</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="i18n/index.html#overview">概况</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="i18n/index.html#definitions">定义</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="logging.html">日志</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="logging.html#a-quick-logging-primer">日志管理快速入门</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="logging.html#using-logging">使用 logging 模块</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="logging.html#configuring-logging">日志模块的配置</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="logging.html#django-s-logging-extensions">Django 的日志记录扩展</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="logging.html#django-s-default-logging-configuration">Django 的默认日志配置</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="pagination.html">分页</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pagination.html#the-paginator-class"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Paginator</span></code> 类</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pagination.html#example">例如</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pagination.html#paginating-a-listview"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ListView</span></code> 分页</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pagination.html#using-paginator-in-a-view-function">在视图函数中使用 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Paginator</span></code></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html">Django 的安全性</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html#cross-site-scripting-xss-protection">防御跨站脚本攻击（XSS）</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html#cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-protection">防御跨站点请求伪造（CSRF）</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html#sql-injection-protection">防御 SQL 注入</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html#clickjacking-protection">防御访问劫持</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html#ssl-https">SSL/HTTPS</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html#host-header-validation">Host 头部验证</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html#referrer-policy">Referrer 策略</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html#session-security">会话安全</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html#user-uploaded-content">用户上传内容</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html#additional-security-topics">其他安全性相关主题</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="performance.html">性能和优化</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="performance.html#introduction">介绍</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="performance.html#general-approaches">一般方法</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="performance.html#caching">缓存</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="performance.html#understanding-laziness">理解惰性</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="performance.html#databases">数据库</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="performance.html#http-performance">HTTP 性能</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="performance.html#template-performance">模板性能</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="performance.html#using-different-versions-of-available-software">使用现有软件的不同版本</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="serialization.html">序列化 Django 对象</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="serialization.html#serializing-data">序列化数据</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="serialization.html#deserializing-data">反序列化数据</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="serialization.html#serialization-formats">序列化格式</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="serialization.html#natural-keys">自然键</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="settings.html">Django 配置</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="settings.html#the-basics">基础</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="settings.html#designating-the-settings">指定配置文件</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="settings.html#default-settings">默认配置</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="settings.html#using-settings-in-python-code">在 Python 代码中使用 settings</a></li>
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